Mechanization of Agriculture: Meaning, Benefits and Progress
In this article we are able to speak about:- 1. Meaning of
Mechanization of Agriculture 2. Benefits of Mechanization of Agriculture 3.
Case toward Mechanisation 4. Scope in India 5. Progress.
Meaning of Mechanization of Agriculture:
In G. D. Aggarwal’s phrases, “Farm mechanization is a term
utilized in a very wide’ experience. It not only includes using machines,
whether or not cell or immobile, small or huge, run with the aid of strength
and used for tillage operations, harvesting and thrashing however additionally
consists of power lifts for irrigation, motors for haulage of farm produce,
processing machines, dairy domestic equipment for cream setting apart, butter
making, oil urgent, cotton ginning, rice hulling, and even numerous electrical
domestic domestic equipment like radios, irons, washing machines, vacuum
cleaners and warm plates.”
According to Dr. Bhattacharjee, “Computerization of
agriculture and farming system connotes software program of machine strength to
artwork on land, commonly completed by way of bullocks, horses and distinct
draught animals or by means of human labour.”
Conferring to Dr. C. B. Memoria, “It (mechanization) mainly
consists in either changing, or assisting or putting off every the animal and
human labour in farming by mechanical strength anywhere possible.”
“Mechanization can be both partial or entire. It is partial
when most effective a part of the farm paintings is executed by way of device.
When animal or human labour is completely allocated with by way of strength
presenting machines, it's far termed as entire.”
“Broadly speakme mechanization of agriculture has two
bureaucracy mobile mechanization and the desk certain types of mechanization.
The former tries to update animal electricity on which agriculture has been
based totally definitely for terribly many centuries; at the same time as the
latter hobbies at lowering the drudgery of certain operations which must be
carried out cither through human labour or via a mixed effort of human beings
and animals.”
Benefits of Mechanization of Agriculture:
(1) It Increases Production:
Mechanization will increase the rapidity and speed of
exertions with which farming operations may be finished. According to D. R.
Bomford, “The ploughman along with his three-horse am managed 3- horse; electricity,
whilst given a medium-sized crawler tractor managed among 20 to 30 horse
strength. His output, there-fore, went up within the ratio of about eight: 1.”
Conferring to B. K. S. Jain, “In the united statesA. A
labourer who formerly turn over one acre of land with a pair of farm animals is
now capable of account for 12 acres a day with a gas-driven tractor. By this
quickening of agricultural applies the human labour required is minimised. Over
a duration of 3 many years in U.S.A., a study revealed that one-1/3 boom became
due to using chemical substances: every different one zero.33 due to better
sorts, and wealthier seeds, even as a few different one-third emerge as because
of improved farm gadget.”
According to Roy D Laird, “A greater modern and additional
splendid improvement in mechanization of agriculture has been added in the
U.S.S.R., in which four instances the agricultural output became that of 1913
and grain production by myself expanded via manner of 70 in keeping with cent
through 1960. By 1965 Socialist Competition, multiplied electrification and
greater equipment were purported to set off a one hundred% growth inside the
overall performance of agricultural labour in that united states of america.”
(2) It Increases Effectiveness and Per Man Productivity
Mechanization increases the performance of labour and
enhances the farm production in keeping with worker. By its nature it diminishes
the quantum of labour had to produce a unit of output. In the united statesA.,
“the amount of human labour used to provide a hundred bushels of wheat dropped
from 320 hours within the three hundred and sixty five days 1830 to 108 hours
in 1900; by using 1940 a present day collection of improvements has decreased
labour requirements to 47 hours.” (Bureau of Agronomic Economics).
According to Hecht and Barton, “Before the World War I. It
took, approximately 35 man hrs. To broaden and harvest an acre of corn ; 15.2
hrs. For an acre of pale yellow and 15.7 hrs. For an acre of oat. In 1945-forty
eight, the labour necessities had been 23.7, 6.1 and eight.1 guy hours
respectively. The blended, effect of fewer hours and extra bushels in line with
acre has ended in extra than halving labour necessities in line with unit of
manufacturing. The amount of guy-hours required in 1910-14 consistent with a
hundred bushels of corn turned into a hundred thirty five, of wheat 106 and of
oat fifty eight; in 1945- 48, the corresponding figures were 67,34 and 23
respectively.”
“It is predicted that productiveness in keeping with man on
farms in U.S.A. Is geared up four and a 1/2 instances that in the U.S.S.R.”
(Jusny) “In the USAS.R. In collective farms, manufacturing has raised labour
productiveness to a excessive degree in comparison with the pre- revolutionary
days; now labour is three times extra green there.” (Anisimov)
(three) Mechanization Increases the Yield of Land Per Unit
of Area:
S.E. Johnson holds that “of 28 in keeping with cent increase
in farm output in U.S.A., above the average of 1934-39 only approximately
one-fourth is because of higher weather, possibly a good deal much less than 15
in keeping with cent has resulted from growth of crop, land acreage and the
rest, approximately 60 in keeping with cent is largely accounted for by manner
of the fuller use of the upgrades in plants, stay stocks and machinery.
Increase within the yield of vegetation, due to mechanization of farms, has
been traced from forty to 50 in step with cent inside the case of maize; 15 to
20 in line with cent in Bajra and Paddy; 30 to 40 in step with cent in Jowar, Groundnut
and Wheat.”
(four) Mechanization Results in Lower Cost of Work.
It has been time-commemorated thru all that one of the
strategies of lowering unit expenses is to expand the size c* the farms and
pass in for more extensive farming. It is found that the price of manufacturing
and the yields can be adjusted well if mechanization is resorted to.
(five) It Contracts the Demand for Work Animals for
ploughing water lifting, harvesting, shipping and so forth.:
In real operation, costs quantity to little even as machines
are idle, even as the charge of preservation of draught animals stays the
identical all through both durations of working and idleness, due to the fact
animals need to be fed whether or not they're doing art work or not. It is
first-class to use tractors whilst a exquisite deal of work should be achieved
in a brief time.
(6) It Brings in other Improvements in Agricultural
Technique:
In its education come improvements within the sphere of
irrigation, land reclamation and the prevention of soil erosion. The gift-day
dependence on the monsoon as the only irrigation of plants in India can be
obtained via manner of a more scientific approach.
Besides, ploughing via tractor reclaims extra land and
thereby extends the cultivated vicinity because the tractor smoothens hillocks,
fills in depressions and gullies and put off deeps-rooted weeds. It moreover
prevents soil erosion. Besides mechanical fertilization, contour bunding and
terracing are accomplished via mechanical techniques with the help of self-propelled
graders and terraces. @ Read More beingsoftware
